How servo motors ushered in the era of precision control

Published Time:

2022-01-10

Author:

Author

Source:

Cloud Design

Summary

Servo motors, as core actuators in the field of automation, are driving industrial manufacturing, robotics, aerospace, and other fields into the era of precision control at the “micrometer” and even “nanometer” level, thanks to their high-precision positioning, rapid response, and controllable torque characteristics. The following sections will discuss the technical principles, core advantages, application scenarios, and future trends.

Servo motors, as core actuators in the field of automation, are driving industrial manufacturing, robotics, aerospace, and other fields into the era of precision control at the "micrometer" and even "nanometer" level, thanks to their high-precision positioning, fast response, and controllable torque characteristics. The following sections will discuss the technical principles, core advantages, application scenarios, and future trends.

The precise control of servo motors stems from a closed-loop control system design, which is achieved through the collaboration of three core components:

  1. Motor Body ：
    • Utilizing permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) or brushless DC motors (BLDC), the rotor is equipped with a high-resolution encoder (such as an absolute encoder, with resolution up to 24 bits or more, i.e., millions of pulses per revolution), providing real-time feedback on position and speed.
    • Example: Panasonic MINAS A6 series servo motors have an encoder resolution of 23 bits (8388608 pulses/revolution), achieving positioning accuracy of ±1 pulse.
  2. Servo Driver ：
    • Through current loop, speed loop, and position loop three closed-loop control algorithms, it corrects motor operation errors in real time.
    • For example, when the encoder detects a deviation between the actual position and the commanded position, the driver immediately adjusts the current output to compensate for the error (response time can reach the microsecond level).
  3. Controller (PLC/Motion Controller) ：
    • Sends precise commands (such as pulse signals or bus protocol commands, such as EtherCAT, PROFINET), coordinating with the driver to complete complex trajectory planning (such as linear interpolation, circular interpolation).

Servo motors are not just actuators; they are the **"physical interface" and "intelligent carrier"** of the precision control era. From chip manufacturing to space exploration, each breakthrough in precision redefines humanity's understanding of the boundaries of "precision." With the collaborative evolution of materials science, algorithms, and communication technologies, servo systems will drive industrial automation from the "micrometer" level to the "atomic" level, making "intelligent manufacturing" truly "calculable, controllable, and predictable" in reality.

Keywords:

Servo Motor

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The performance and efficiency of a permanent magnet synchronous motor are affected by a variety of factors

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In the field of automation and intelligent manufacturing, servo motors are the core driving force for industrial upgrading

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